Compare and contrast two leaders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

Compare and contrast two leaders - Essay ExampleHitler was instrumental in German Nationalist movement, who is accused for exterminating Jews, and depicted by historians as devil incarnate. In this context, words of Konrad Heiden chasten true. For years, Mein Kampf stood as a proof of the blindness and complacency of the world. In its pages Hitler announced long before he came to powera program of blood and terror in a self revelation of such overwhelming frankness that few had the courage to believe itThat such a man could go so far towards realizing his ambitionsthat is a phenomenon the World will ponder for centuries to come (Konrad 1969). Mohandas Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869, to Karamchand Gandhi, at Porbandar, an grim town in Gujarat. He had a very good childhood as his father occupied high office of the province. In his childhood Gandhi was very timid, shy, and introvert and not smart and good at studies. He got married at the early age of thirteen, as was the custom of his community, which affected his education a little bit. Somehow he completed his high school education and joined college, but his public presentation was not satisfactory and subsequently dropped out just after three months. His family adviser suggested that studying police force and obtaining barrister title from England was rather easy and he was sent to England. After completing his law study in England he returned to India. He was not a successful lawyer in India, and hence his brother consistent to send him to South Africa in pursuit of his passage as a lawyer.Adolph Hitler was born to Alois Hitler on twentieth April, 1889 in Braunau-am-Inn, Austria near German border. His father was a senior custom official who retired from civil answer when he was only six. Adolph was very intelligent and ambitious to be a painter. As his father was in civil service, he was educated in the best school of that time. His father wanted him to follow his career and reach great heights in civil

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Human Resource Management - Essay ExampleThe principal(prenominal) argument is that the framework for a diverse workplace is contingent on the successful development of these terce categories. The article indicates that the motivating and controlling factor for diversity in the workforce is the headquarters. In this way on that point is the recommendation to begin planning diversity at this stage and then extend it to subsidiary organizations. variety variables are also noted as an important notion in that they consider the changing disposition of diversity based on region. The author indicates that multicultural teams are effective as the multiplicity of perspectives creates opportunities for change magnitude innovation. To a large part the article downplays reasons against diversity, although there are a few instances. For instance, while multicultural teams may be good for innovation, it is also possible that the divergence of viewpoints and backgrounds causes increased trou bles for collaboration. Ultimately I raise this article insightful in the way that it attempted to establish a framework for implementing diversity in the workforce. Still, I believe that the article lacks the detail that is needed to truly enact change, as there pull up stakes be different challenges for different labor environments.Linda Gravetts article Diversity Efforts Can Support business Imperatives considers diversity in terms of diverse business operations. For instance, there is the indication that businesses that are able to puff out into international markets receive a greater competitive advantage. The author also makes the point that for organizations to increasingly pass they must consider diversity as a strong part of their missions and values. This vision of diversity refers to establishing a workforce with diverse talents and skills. Gravett later relays a story about working in Japan. During this period she was tasked with conducting a training program for he r organization. The students were Japanese and refrained

Students are required to produce a report on information systems Assignment

Students are required to become a paper on info systems - Assignment ExampleThere are various categories of reading systems and each category contains particular kinds of information systems for instance management information systems and decision support systems. At the present, the success of an organization completely depends on the effectiveness of an information system. This report discusses the role of information systems in todays ever-increasing competitive business environment. The primary purpose of this research is to show what role information systems play in the success of an organization and what the future of information systems is.Without a doubt, this era is considered as the era of information technology (IT), where only those business organizations get the success that make use of information technology more effectively than their competitors. Additionally, in cabaret to survive in this ever-increasing competitive business world conception and implementing information systems those produce accurate data and information on the subject of marketplace understanding, customers and competitive capacity. The basic objectives that business organizations want to achieve through the development and implementation of these modern technology based information systems include the overall corporate performance and effective and efficient handling of business data (Turban et al., 2005 Laudon & Laudon, 2005). This report will discuss how information systems are playing a significant role in the in(predicate) execution of business operations. This report will also discuss some of the successful examples of information systems success.In their book (Turban et al., 2005, p.18) define an information system as a system which collects, processes, stores, evaluates, and distributes information in order to carry out a specific task. Additionally, the nature of tasks varies from department to department. For

Self Directide Learning Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

self Directide Learning - Term Paper ExampleIn the period of 1960s, increased concentration was focused on the reason and ways behind the erudition of adults. The notion of SDL was stated to arise during this specific period of time. It requires to be stated in this context that this particular notion was traced back to the period of 1961. It was during this year when the typology cogitate to goal, attain readings tie in to the bodily function as well as learning within the adults were structured by Houle (1961). The purposes and activities related to learning with regard to numerous adult learners was delineated by Houle (1961) who had selected to chase their respective motion of learning with come on the need and requirement of institutional encouragement with respect to affiliation. This particular aspect called for the attention of further sound judgment during that particular time period. During the period of 1980s, Knowles (1980) re-narrated the development of SDL with the suggestion of an idea called andragogy which was widely referred as the ability and acquaintance related to assisting adults for learning. This particular notion was considered in comparison to all the prevalent theories related to learning during that distinct phase of time and which were supposed to be reliant on the facet of pedagogy. Pedagogy referred to the science as well as the art related to providing assistance to the child learners. This was again considered to be dependent on five basic suppositions regarding the adult learner. The initial supposition stated that the self-concept with regard to an adult was observed to dislodge from the perception related to dependent personality towards a self-directing individual with maturity. The other... This paper approves that an individual concerned with the process of SDL was found to indulge alone in that activity, but from the explanation of the concept in the literature, it has been found that individuals rarely indulg e themselves in the process alone. The other paradox has been stated regarding the process of SDL referring it to be something that was usually carried out remotely from the formally structured activities which was found to be guided by other individuals. The process related to SDL was not regarded as a lone act which was capable of carrying out alone by each individual. The foremost scholars with regard to this particular subject comply with the fact of SDL cosmos a relational activity or behavior but the relevant literature was considered to be heavily inclined towards the fact of SDL being an individualized behavior.This paper makes a conclusion that the above discussion helps in providing a lucid science regarding the concept of SDL and adult learning. It has been mentioned with regard to this notion that majority of the activities related to learning is believed to be triggered and promoted with the help of a learners inventiveness irrespective of its availability with the a id of formal settings. Furthermore, the concept of SDL was found to be perceived as a particular structure of study where individuals are supposed to possess the hint responsibilities with regard to planning, practicing and also assessing the endeavors related to adoption of the skills associated with learning. Certain paradoxes as well as contradictions were however set in this regard, but the degree of significance and viability of SDL still cannot be completely refused.

Redefinition of Japanese American Identity Essay

Redefinition of Nipp whizzse American identity element - Essay ExampleIndustrialists sought Japanese immigrants to replace the Chinese after the Chinese Exclusion encounter took effect. The cultural diversity in the U.S resulted in fundamental questions being raised on Americas culture and identity. The reception of other Asian Americans in U.S had its basis on the reception that the Chinese received. The Japanese later discovered during the Second World War that their achievements in U.S did not lead to any adoption by the American community. The Japanese were placed in internment camps, unlike the German and Italian Americans (Takaki, p. 7). after the Second World War, and undermentioned the treatment of the Japanese Americans during the war, their identity underwent redefinition. This is because of the historical experiences and changes in laws, economics and side during the war. After the Second World War, Japanese Americans go about numerous challenges that helped in the creation of their identity. In 1942 following the Pearl Harbor feeler, President Roosevelt instituted the Executive Order 9066. Though the order appeared neutral, it targeted the Japanese classified as a danger to the American society. Thousands of Japanese-American citizens were sent to hurriedly constructed camps (Takaki, p. 6). Many of these citizens spent close to four years in this camps living under heavily armed guards. This Japanese American had American citizenship but confront internment because of their original countrys attack on Pearl Harbor. While the Japanese Americans faced internment, the African Americans faced extreme discrimination and segregation. African Americans would be forced into war and later be discriminated by the exact society it protected (Jones, p. 9). While the Japanese Americans population in West U.S represented a small portion of Japanese Americans in the country, they faced hostility from the vast purity population. usage and laws shut them out from participation in civil life and economics. Japanese immigrants did not have rights to station or citizenship. However, their descendants became citizens by birth and successful in farming and business. The Pearl Harbor attack by the Japanese gave the white Americans an opportunity to renew and reinforce their hostility towards the Japanese Americans. It also gave the white community an opportunity for targeting their competitors in economic activities. This community agitated for the elimination or removal of unwanted competitors-Japanese (Takaki, p. 6). White Americans posted relocation notices all over the American West Coast. The white Americans gave the Japanese one week to leave the country. Japanese farmers desperately looked to their unwilling neighbors to take care of their farms. cable owners and farm owners faced financial ruin. They lost everything and forced to sell their shops, homes, furniture and clothes. The Supreme Court in 1944 reinforced the exclusion constitutionally by declaring the permissibility of the exclusion to curtail the civil rights of the Japanese Americans because of the pressing normal necessity (Jones, p. 6). This treatment of Japanese Americans by the white Americans is similar to the treatment of other Americans. The African and Mexican Americans faced exclusion from economic activities. Economic and social activities were the preserve of the white Americans, and they viewed other races as emulation or slaves.

Briefing on impact of current trends or future of PR for CEO's 'TED' Essay

Briefing on impact of current trends or future(a) of PR for CEOs TED vernacular - Essay ExampleEarlier, during the initial period of human civilization, communicating brought revolution in human life, and their lifestyles were meliorate significantly. However, with increasing complexities in human life, the process of communication has become for complex and advanced. Presently, proper and systemic communication is considered as one of the major necessity for social improvements. In the post-modern age, communicational process has acquired considerable importance. With the deliberate globalisation and modernisation, various aspects of communication have been categorized and their importance has been identified for bring constant improvements. reality similarity is one of the major concepts that have been derived during the last three decades. Moreover, overt relation is also an implicit in(p) part of an economy and its society. The governing authorities and political powers u se universal relation for communicating their subject matter to the mass population in a democratic society. David W. Guth has identifies that public relation has an important contribution in emerging a democratic society as it plays a critical role in the drop by the wayside flow of information in democratic societies (Guth, 2000). During the social crisis, proper communication through public relation is genuine remedy to settle down the prevailing issues. This paper pull up stakes attempt to present the on impact of current trends or future of public relation. The briefing on the stated topic will focus to contribute for the preparations of a TED speech delivered by CEO. Therefore, it is necessary to explain and cover the important aspects of public relation that have significant impacts on public relation related philosophy, issues and multiple strategies for future success. In this process, at first, the importance of public relation in post-modern organisation will be expla ined. Next, the impact of young changes in public relation practise will be analysed by focusing on specialized areas. The psychoanalysis of future of mutual understandings and two way communications are necessary for understanding the future trend of public relation. Next two sections will figure out major issues in public relation followed by a discussion on public relation strategies for reputation management. Finally, the overall discussions, analysis and findings will be concluded. Importance of Public Relation in Post Modern Organisation The return of modern trade and argumentation is major area where public relation plays truly curial role. Due to globalisation and technological advancements business activities has undergone through multiple improvements. The process of communication and public relation has been enhanced with suspensor of advanced technology. The post-modern organisations including non-profit and profit-making organisations have realized the necessity of proper public relation for their organisational reputation and success. It has become very vital tool for achieving the short term and long term organisational goals and objectives. The public relation practises in business organisation is major tasks in marketing activities that helps them in achieving competitive advantage and in developing consumer loyalty. Hiebing has provided a standard definition of public relatio

Lafarge Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lafarge Company - Essay ExampleOne study advantage with e-learning is the universal nature of this approach. With the profligates multinational presence, it goes without saying that the various managers in the countries where the potents branches are located can be incorporated into the system.Lafarge Company is one that deals with lime and cementum in France. It is quite important to note that the society has been in operations for close to one and a half centuries. Actu onlyy around the 1930s the company was one of Frances largest cement producers. The success of the company was rather too much to be accommodated in the French locality so much so that in the present day the company has a presence in up to 76 countries all over the world. It has further diversified in the products it deals with and in the present clock time it has specialized in the return of concrete, aggregates, cement and gypsum.The company is of the opinion that for the achievement of its success there ha s to be adequate training of the supply that is there. In this connection it actually set up its learning base, the Lafarge University which was established back in the category 2003. The University aims at inculcating in managers the work values which are so much upheld by the company. The firm wants the managers of the firm to be the best in their particular fields in a bid to transforming the company sluice further.In the pursuit of the perfect solution to the issue at hand, Lafarge opted to get more involved with the internet. in truth the company stressed more on the development of e-learning and familiarizing the staff with what it entails. In accordance with the missions which the university upheld, there had to be a way through which the people involved in the company get a way of learning about how to achieve the objectives stipulated. The diverse nature of the firm at that particular time could not allow the centralization or rather the localization of the

Financial Markets and Instruments Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial Markets and Instruments - Assignment ExampleUnder the restrictive instrument, emphasis is on the drill f commercial message paper by larger corporations or companies who devour had the backing of an issuing bank, promising to make settlement for the quotation on the face of the commercial out front or on the date specified. Like in most other financial jurisdictions, the issuance of commercial paper is not guaranteed by a collateral and so the need for strict regulations that ensure that such instruments on the money market atomic number 18 used only by corporations that have been rated with excellent assign rating status (Fombrun, 2012). 2. At different times in the economic management of the country, the government of the country has had the need to generate both long term and short term financial support. As far as short term financing is concerned, emphasis has always been on the use of short term financing to take care of short term debt financing. One of the commonest instruments used in this case is overdraft, whereby it transmits cash that are beyond available funds (Greenley and Foxall, 2011). On the long term also, the use of equity investment ranks as the commonest form of financing that the government undertakes. Often, this is done by targeting local industries and buying and holding shares of the stocks of such businesses for communicate capital gains and dividend growth. Commonly, equity investment has been selected in cases where investments have been proven to have high information asymmetries and honorable hazard (Drumwright and Murphy, 2001). 3. With a global rank of 40, the Macro Economy Meter (2013) rates the total swell debt of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as $134 billion. Of this total outstanding debt, the share of public debt has been cypher to be 12.9% of the down-to-earth domestic product of the country, feeler up to $6.6 billion. According to the CIA World Factbook, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as of 31 Decemb er 2012 had a total outstanding external debt of $127.4 billion. By this, it means the government of the Kingdom owed this come to public and private entities that were nonresident of the country and thus repayment had to be done in all foreign currency, goods or services (Fombrun, 2005). Because these external debts are paid through foreign currency, they are calculated based on exchange rate base rather than the use of purchasing power semblance terms. 4. Since 2001, the annual total value of new adoption by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has generally been experiencing and upwardly sneak trend. This means that the rate of borrowing done by the government has been increasing consistently by the year. In the graph below, it would be noted that but for the periods from 2003 to 2005, and 2008 to 2009, the annual total value of debt has been increasing, indicating a rise in new borrowing. Source Marco Economy Meter (2013) Based on readings from the graph, McAlister and Ferrell (201 2) have argued that the new borrowing that is done by the Saudi government on a monthly basis is US $1.2 billion, coming up to an annual total of $14.4 billion. With this value, the debt-to-income ratio of Saudi Arabia has been estimated to be very high, leading to annual per capita income of $25,000. 5. The use of stripped coupons is not illegitimate in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia but not a usually preferred form of debt financing or financial capital generator. This is because in the use of stripped coupons, thither are often two stripped parties, one of which receives the principle as zero-coupon bond when the bond is

Marketing Communications on The Smartphone Market Essay - 1

Marketing Communications on The Smart recollect Market - Essay ExampleThis research will take off with the statement that integrated merchandise communications refer to systems used to plan communications in much(prenominal) a way as to benefit a business by disseminating its marketing campaigns more in effect and thereby lessening its marketing expenses. By integrating marketing structures such as social media avenues, advertising, telemarketing, and draw a bead on sales, one can bring more consistency and clarity into the message that is aimed at consumers. Mobile phone companies are constantly seeking an edge in the hyper-competitive bustling phone market by each increasing access speeds or introducing ever more robust application systems into their products. Naturally, these spays inspire marketing executives of mobile phone companies to come up with tactical and strategic marketing plans that allow them to be able to soak up potential consumers through the different mobi le platforms that are created. Google Inc. created an operating system, Android, that immediately gave it an edge in the Smartphone market. Its marketing scheme has played a great role in sustaining its competitiveness. Product- Google Inc. uses different marketing concepts to market the Android-iOS in different regions of the world. Since Google launched the first Android system in 2008, the product has remained in high public charter due to the regular addition of aspects such as features and apps (applications) which are frequently updated and enable customers to use them. For instance, customers with a preference for touch screens or qwerty screens can use Android as it has both applications. In addition, customers who paying attention for widescreen displays can also use the android system. Price - In regards to price, Googles customers are able to change their budgets to suit customized android systems with their preferred features. The vast majority of android retailers sel l the system for less than speed of light$ with all its features and benefits included. This is far cheaper than what the systems created by Apple and Nokia retail for. Promotion - The android is a well-known and extremely esteemed brand. These characteristics differentiate it from other competitors. Furthermore, Google has invested in promotional campaigns that include using the print media, television advertising, and the profit to reach mobile phone users.

Same Sex Marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Same switch on Marriage - Essay ExampleHowever, homosexual adults who have come to terms with their homosexuality, who do not wo their sexual orientation, and who buns function effectively sexually and socially, be no more distressed psychologically that argon heterosexual men and women (Duberman, et al., 1989).Being identified to be risible doesnt compose this person to be an alien because each and every one is a person within his or her own sole(a) way. There is no trouble with gay mint getting married since in the United States everybody is equal. wherefore then, is there a concern with gay citizens getting married, when a man along with a fair sex whitethorn get married with no difficulty. Gay couples go away keep on living and braggart(a) out their lives together even though they dont get married.But if they do not get the fortune to get married, there will still be gay partners. Gay espousalss must be permitted everyplace for the natural facts that the gay society is growing day by day and gay people are individuals near like anybody else. Be it a gay partner or a straight pair, ii people in love with each other should be together regardless of what anyone believes. There is no difference involving the love of two gay individuals and the affection of two heterosexuals.Gay marriage has become a controversial subject matter for some time now. There are more and more people that oppose to it, than there are supportive of it. The most important issue in this work is that gay marriage should have the aforesaid(prenominal) treatment under the law. It shows that the presidentship is concentrating more on the happiness of a particular person fairly than on whether or not this person is being treated equally.Who can tell, maybe the gay society have their personal piety which permits them to be wed. We could make God rejoiced if we loved the citizens who possess different manners of thinking. In Gods eyes each and every one are all brothers and s isters, so why not make Him a proud God I just want all the people to recognize that there is no social occasion erroneous with two people who relish to be happy. Well, not each person trusts in the Bible or God, so why is the administration even declaring this The Free Exercise Clause states that the government is outlawed from meddling with the free exercise of religion inside the United States. Nowadays it seems as though the administration is promoting Christianity by stating that the Bible declares that God says that marriage was intended for one man together with one woman. If the government would try to please everyone within this nation, it may be a total catastrophe. I suppose that there has been way over concentration on gay marriages, and too little on equal handling (Fisher, R. D., 1994).Gay marriages contradict the self-apparent truth of constitution where male and female bodies are calculated for and match each other. Homosexual marriage may belittle your marriage. An authorization to marry seems to be a lawful document, by which government may consider same sex marriage as if it were the same as the real thing, is a license which speaks for the administration and will tell the society that government states the marriages are equal. Any time a less important thing is made equal towards a greater where the greater is undervalued.If we were to ban same sex marriage we qualification be taking an enormous step backwards with regards to human rights.

Colonialism. Ottoman Empire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Colonialism. tuffet imperium - Essay Examplempire, the ideas is to trace the history of the blow conglomerate and link it with colonialism, thus laborious to understand the impact of colonialism through the example of the Ottoman imperium.Colonialism is defined as the process of acquiring a foreign territory. The art of acquiring a foreign territory along with maintaining the territory without treating the people as equals has been the pattern of colonization throughout history. It has led to many bloody battles, while the Europeans have been at the centerfold of colonizing the entire world, from the Americas to Africa, Asia and the new worlds. It has been the practice of domination and was mastered by the European for ages. It involves political and economic determine over a country, while the people are treated as second-class citizens. The European get the hang would extract the last bit of money from the controlled territories and it involved utter domination over the nat ural citizens of the country.The Ottoman Empire has been recorded in the history as one of the most significant and dominating empires of all time. The timeline of the empire ranges from 1301-1922. The empire was at its peak in the medieval ages and continued to thrive for six centuries. The empire has been a long lasting legacy of the Mediterranean countries. Islam and the Islamic philosophy heavily influenced it.The Ottoman Empire started during the 13th century AD. The ruler Osman 1 was the man who initiated the conquest of the Ottoman Empire. The name Ottoman comes from Osman, who was the demote of the empire. The Ottoman Empire at its heights was considered as one of the most powerful empires of all times. in that location are three significant periods in the timeline of the Ottoman Empire. The first is the ascendancy and rise of the empire, which took place amidst 1299-1453. The second and the most significant period of the empire then come between 1453-1683. This is the t ime when the empire was growing rapidly and made huge strides. This

Operations Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Operations Decision Making - Essay ExampleThe relative cost corresponding with scientific profess and processing transaction, however, are increasing owing to the complicated channels and technological communications that moldiness be in position to hold up flawless, single role model record in the range of distribution networks that subsist now and that will before long emerge in the future. Making matters worse, executives and managers have hardly any means and little support to help them decide when to venture, how a lot it cost to invest, and how to appraise or assess the trade value to be earned from the venture (Weill, 1991).This piece of music examines investment decisive factors and solutions, prioritisation strategies, and corporate-level decision making by hotel managers and executives with regard to information technology (IT) and in the framework of hotel distribution designs. This paper hopes to substantiate the issues considered, the evaluation of methods applied, and the procedures employed to ascertain the level of achievement from much(prenominal) venture and resource distribution decisions that were made with regard to information technology and a hotel companys distribution frameworks.Tourism... ity, and mutually underage activities necessitate companies to make effective and efficient application of information technologies and communications systems. This development will still keep going as this technological know-how become less costly, more effective, and found everywhere in the world. From the early time of farmers markets, traders have struggled with finding out the best methods of delivering their goods to the marketplace. Generations afterward, this challenge is still present and withal more challenging with the evolving, intensifying competition, and global marketplace in which firms have to operate their businesses. With the hospitality industry, the identical is even more enunciated the necessity to set up better and mo re distribution networks. Erstwhile principles such as location or they will get there if you build it, are not anymore enough in drawing the demanding and advanced consumers of today.Hotel distribution designs and networks are far too intricate to be regarded with such ease. As stated by Professor Roger Blackwell of Ohio State University, the direction of global distribution systems concerns the rectify good in the right place and time, the right price in the right set of bunch and situations as demarcated by the consumer (Stein and Sweat, 1998). Employing this view in a hotel framework, a firms worldwide distribution design must maintain two main goals providing distribution networks that permit customers the option to accessibly and easily look for products and services they are agreeable to pay for with full information disclosure of availability and rates and providing a process to breeze through the transaction instantaneously and providing confirmation on the spot (Castle berry, Hempell, and Kaufman, 1998).To attain these

An Excellent Analysis and Methods With a Pulmonary Disorder Essay

An Excellent Analysis and Methods With a Pulmonary Disorder - Essay ExampleUse of histograms, correlation -coefficients, regressions, random variables, sampling distribution, fortune laws and qualified probability. In the use of histograms, some values are likely to occur more than others, therefore, provide clean information about the disease and how often it is spreading in society. Multiple peaks show how the histogram leans to one view an interpretation of who is more vulnerable to this condition. Histograms are for prediction purposes an example is a time taken for a particular condition to treat from previous samples and graphical presentations on how patients with similar conditions treatment exercise made. of the essence(p) to note is that these predictions might not be accurate as those conducted step-by-step (Scanlan, p 152). Discrete probability can be done independently or combined with a histogram to provide desired frequencies and judge data is from the analysis. Correlation is another aspect of statistics that are used to determine various variables. In this case, of respiratory therapy, it is used to determine the degree to which certain pulmonary diseases vary and how they cause harm to the body. They may transfigure positively to mean that their effect will lead to the comparable target or damaging the same organ example being the lungs both the x and they variable increasing (Anthony, p 249). A contradict correlation is a condition under which the x-variable is growing while they-variable is decreasing. There is no chance of whatever relationship where all the variables being plotted are near zero.

Consent Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Consent - Essay ExampleTreatment round occurs entirely when treatment is new, contr everyplacesial or b showing on the experimental. Ethics and credential committees perform such re interprets.Other licensing or regulatory bodies that require adherence to similar guidelines govern organizations not receiving funds from the Canadian or American federal governments. Individual researchers who do not receive government funding and who do not choke to an organization are not required to adhere to such regulations. However, adherence to the guidelines is recommended for good practice, research and citizenship and to overturn legal liability. When organizations or groups without ethical review boards propose research, a university, hospital, licensing or professional organization, or some other institution does reviews. Psychologists performing research or working within provincial or state agencies whitethorn need to follow additional guidelines.Individual researchers and practitione rs are required to follow consent guidelines in function step. Thus, consent information is usually given through a typed document with a set order of information. Unfortunately, these documents are often long and complex and require a college education in order to be understood by the participant. In addition, the order in which information is presented can make comprehension knotty for the participant. The complexity of informed consent documents prompts many to return to old complaints about the intrusion of ethics review bodies into research or treatment and the impracticality of consent. In order to improve the consent process, semiempirical studies of the efficiency and lever of current methods are necessary. Instead of spawning such research, complaints pee-pee led to a lessening of consent requirements. For example, an exempt-from-ethics-review status for research designated as no risk has been introduced other jurisdictions simply maintain existing general guidelines. combust of ConsentThe cause for this requirement of accomplishment comprise a partial view of consent, bewilderment over what constitutes informing, the techniques of achieving consent, the lack of a comprehensive theoretical base for consent, and reluctance by researchers.The imaginary view that individuals have the right to make assessment for themselves forms the root for well-versed consent. Nevertheless, this philosophy was included into consent guidelines only after general subject and patient mistreatment. Changes in consent processes have often been reason by political view rather than empirical study of informed consent. As a result, many researchers and practitioners view consent as a necessary burden rather than a useful adjunct to good research or practice. At the same time, current consent methods are perceived as optimal, even in the spunk of contrary evidence. Just as past guidelines, new requirements for ensuring scientific integrity have been established without empirical study. While some rules have been

Ballistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ballistics - Essay ExampleThere are dickens types of ballistics, interior and exterior ballistics. Interior ballistics concerns itself with the thermodynamics and chemistry that occurs in a guns barrel. Exterior ballistics concerns itself with the effect of a clout that comes from a gun. This paper concerns itself with the mathematics that occurs from the exterior ballistics. This paper seeks to identify how mathematics helps to desexualise the place and escape of a bullet. Coupland and Rothchild (2011) denote that achievement is of two types, that is natural move, and violent motion. Natural motion faces resistance from air or water, basically because it occurs in such kind of a medium. An example of a natural motion is the falling of a stone, or the rising of a smoke. Violent motion on the other hand occurs as a result of an application of office. An example of a violent motion is the movement of a bullet from a firearm. Coupland and Rothchild (2011) denote that the burden of the aim and the force in which an single applies to a motion object will determine the hold and the speed in which the motion object under consideration will move. (Pender, 2012).Before determining on how to use mathematics to determine the blank and trajectory of a bullet, it is important to understand that a trajectory determination does not identify and reveal the occurrences antecedent to an individual holding the gun (McCoy, 2012). It only identifies the distance, and the nature of the weapons used by the criminals. In calculating the distance and trajectory of a bullet, it is important to denote that a bullet under motion faces two types of forces, that is the force of gravity, and the natural force brought by the air around which the bullet flies. In calculating a distance that a bullet covers, it is important to denote that bullets have a ballistic coefficient of G1 (Pender, 2012). The ballistic coefficient of a bullet (G1) allows an individual to scale the bullets drag to the standard projectile established by the Gavre Commission. The standard ballistic coefficient of a bullet established by the Gavre commission was 1.000 (Warlow, 2012). This standard allows an individual to calculate how many feets a projectile will lose a given number of velocities in comparison to a distance a standard projectile will cover, after losing the same amount of focal ratio, under similar atmospherical environment. For example, a G 1 standard projectile drops approximately 2904 to 3000 fps over a distance of vitamin C yards. This is at a standard meteorological condition. If the bullet under consideration will have a ballistic coefficient of 0.5, the bullet will drop from 3000fps to 2904 fps in a distance of 50 yards (Kieser and Taylor, 2013). This distance is cipher in this manner,100 yards multiply by 0.5= 50 yards. From these calculations, we can denote that when the ballistic coefficient of a bullet is big, the weight and shape of the bullet have a lesse r drag. The bullet will also lose its velocity in a slower manner, and the rate of its deflection by the wind is minimal. This calculation will loosely affect artilleries made in the standard shapes of the 1800s, in which the Gavre commission established the bullets ballistic coefficient (Warlow, 2012). However, in the rate of flow century, manufactures have different shapes of a projectile which also have a different G1standard.On this basis, different G I standards, and Ballistic coefficients work over a limited number of velocities. On this basis therefore, mod bullets have a specified ballistic coefficient, over a given and different velocity range. This is because the shapes

NRS409 - Psychosocial Interventions in Mental Coursework

NRS409 - Psychosocial Interventions in Mental - Coursework ExampleSuch predilection alterations are considered average to life history until they do not interfere or disrupt a persons life or work. However, when they do then the person gets afflicted with prolonged agitation, sadness or sometimes level elation along with guilt, self doubt, and anger which affect life activities, particularly the ones that are related to occupation, self esteem and relationships which further transforms in to clinical depression. True clinical depressions are also referred as mood disorders.An episode of major depression can be held for at least 2 weeks during which the patient loses pleasure, feels disoblige in almost all sorts of activities. Moreover, some of the following symptoms are also foundDysthmia is recognized when at least 2 years of depressed mood is observed with some additional signs that are less(prenominal) severe than the major depression and also do not qualify for the criteria of major depression episode.Since, the consumer has been determine to carry symptoms of major depression, thus, the paper will discuss various therapeutic interventions available for depression that declare been or will be exercised on the consumer in the case study. Such interventions may be in the form of pharmacologic and medical interventions. However, the case study will be critically analyzed as its scope of practical usage, limitations and strengths. The paper will also discuss the significance of screening depression to a lower place the process of collaborative care.The client, whose identity and personal information will remain undisclosed due to reasons of confidentiality is a 25-year-old software engineer, male, and belong to a family of four that includes his parents and a sister. The patient was admitted last to the hospital about 3 months ago due to acute suicidal ideation, following which, the patient was treated in the hospital with neuroleptic drug medications, and was discharged to home when the acute

Plato, Greek Art and Censorship Essay Example for Free

Plato, Greek Art and Censorship EssayIt is imperative that we begin the illustration of Platos rocking horse for censorship with the definition of his times, the context by which his beliefs on music and poetry were formulated. Greece during Graeco-Ro human times was distinctively marked by a superior regard to the polis or the city- realm. With what the civil wars wrought to its citizens, the Greeks developed a strong inclination towards the attainment of what they believed to be the k each(prenominal)ipolis or the prototype state, matchless that is marked by justice, place and harmony, and will do everything in its power to asseverate it. The general concession of its superiority justified acts which would boast been grittyly condemnable in the present times. Acts like infanticide and common life are surely not to arouse the approval of the many. sensation of the necessary steps that Plato strongly advocated for the attainment of the idea state, was the censorship of the arts, music and poetry alike. In summary he claims that the polis needed to constrain its arts, to mitigate its negative influences and curb the good effect of its mimeric nature if they were to avoid the disruption of the state, more like its demise considering how pervasive arts was during the Hellenic period.Platos definition of censorship came in the form of 1) the prohibition of music that was intrinsically bad, and 2) the sanctioning of tales that were weaved from a state of madness, thereby promoting false virtues. On Music It was a general belief during those times that there existed some form of music that was intrinsically bad or an aberration to the natural harmony of the foundation. These were the songs whose speech communication upheld false virtues and songs whose musical tones were derived from the improper order of interval. There in the sequencing of its notes lay a palpable smell out of disharmony and discordance which mathematicians and philosophers went to great lengths to prove. It is to be said too that the soul is part of a contract called Harmonia a force that brings to union all elements of the universe, good and bad. The soul acts like a sponge, is its modern grandiosity equivalent, absorbing the discordance of the notes and sending the soul to a confused state as it cannot adequately grasps the things it acquires (Republic 78). The faculties of the natural body decease direct and the resulting man is one who is corrupt and unable to be intimate what is just from not. Hence, guardians, producers and rulers were considered supersensitive to musics negative influences and must be then censored by the polis if it were to protect mans virtues. Rhythm and harmony penetrate the inner part of the soul and that gracelessness, bad rhythm and disharmony are akin to bad words and character (Republic III) This was perhaps the first attempt to advance the judgment of the subliminal meaning. The Doctrine of Ethos musics ability to form ones character whitewash remains on solid ground after centuries. I find sense in what these previous(predicate) philosophers claim. How else do we explain the anarchic proclivities of Rock Music and Raps inclination towards street rage despite shifts in paradigm of the many generations that turn over passed. On Poetry Here Plato refers to drama, tragedies and words of a song without the musical notes. Unlike the subliminal effect of some music, poetry has a more charge and invasive effect to ones character. Platos Theory of Forms states that Nature is an imperfect representation of the ideal and perfect reality of Forms that man ought to take actions that will bring him closer to the reality of Forms. If poetry represents that which is already imperfect, the resulting work ushers man away from the light and further into the shadows. Without the light, man now becomes a slave to the shadows he continuously imitates. Moreover, when exposed to poetic illusions man natur ally takes on what he sees and starts to assume the character of the poetic subject, in whole or in parts.This mimeric nature, Plato says, is dangerous as this will distract man from achieving his highest state of being. It is better to stick to one craft and be good at it than to acquire all trades provided be good at none. Guardians must be prohibited to learn the trade of the poets. This is to ensure that his optimal self is achieved. Otherwise he starts to neglect his duties to the state. Also, the process of producing poetry sends the artist in a impermanent state of divine inspiration or madness, simply that he loses all sense of rationality, he weaves one that is not according to lands dictates but that of his many passions, ignorance and possibly appetites albeit the poetic charm. Anything that is far from Reason is necessarily deemed unhealthy for the kallipolis. Clearly the Hellenic times were defined by their end goals. Plato and others saw censorship, along with many state policies, as a justified means to their end. The present times, however, see a wholly different paradigm. People obtain long shown the world that the morality of the means is just as spacious as the end itself. Censorship to a substantial part of the world is un acceptable.Now, its all slightly rights to freedom of speech and expression. When New Zealand Broadcasting Standards Authority decides to cut off offensive language from the radio, straightway journalists are tagging it as discrimination. In US alone how many controversial lawsuits, to include a high school valedictorian as complainant, have been filed because people have been forbidden to put up religious references. Plato would have been shocked, even enraged at this underlying idea of the Individual catching up with the State or the state policies being subservient to Individual Rights. He would have thought it a narrow brain wave and I completely agree. All this talk on Rights and Freedom of Expression is b ased on the in localize assumption that 1) everyone is capable of obligated and sensible expressions, and 2) everyone is capable of judicious interpretations of these expressions. When truth of the matter is that when people make tirade speeches against a group , they almost always fail to consider the sensibilities of whose who are being attacked. Ones unguarded expression becomes another ones discrimination. To compound things, people are impressionable. Plato was correct when he said that man naturally adopts the things he sees and hears no matter how unjust and far from virtues. homo doesnt generally step back and take a moment to carefully weigh what he perceives.To those who can, notice that they dont go out of their way to educate the public. These educated minds have become an elite preferring apathy. This is what turns expressions into social disturbances. Sooner or later when more people start to believe, these expressions become acceptable truths. Eventually they become imbibed as values. With the advent of the digital age, things are even escalated. The cyberspace contains practically all sorts of information, educated, trash, pornographic and otherwise, which can be accessed by anyone even those who are not in the right minds to discern right from wrong.Censorship, contrary to what people believe as a tyrannical act against freedom, is simply responsible regulation. It is to ensure that information is accessed by the right audience and that the propensity of these expressions to stir and rouse disturbances is curbed. This time it is to preserve not the State but the Society with the Individual at its core and Values at stake. each processes information or whatever elements one picks up from the cosmos in various ways and degrees.What misguided minds process as motivation for unjust ways may be an educated minds trigger for higher knowledge. But if takes only one out of a thousand and perhaps millions of minds to have his virtues corrupted becaus e of unregulated information, that for me, and should so for the progressively liberal states, provide more than enough justification for censorship. It is a rational step to reduce freedoms excesses especially in a time where the universe presents wider, freer and borderless ways by which man can inflict harm to another, even to himself.Works CitedPlato. The Republic, translated by Benjamin Jowett, http//classics.mit.edu

Igor Stravinsky Essay Example for Free

Igor Stravinsky EssayIgor Stravinsky was among the roughly influential and versatile composers of the put up-place century. His overwhelming commitment to music and remarkable musical career, which spanned the convulsive final classs of the Imperial Russia and the tender ferment of 1960s America, served to establish Stravinsky not only as the most celebrated composer of his time, but as well as as one of the defining forces of twentieth-century culture (Wenborn, 1999, p. 10). Born in 1882 to the family of Fyodor Stravinsky, a famous Russian faker and opera ho utilisation singer, Stravinsky grew up in the atmosphere of conservatism and discipline. As his father was a member of Russian cultural elite and had close personal relationships with Turgenev, Mussorgsky, Rimsky-Korsakov and other talented artists of that epoch, the young Stravinsky and his siblings were surrounded with the music of the most progressive Russian composers, such as Borodin, Glinka, Mussorgsky and Dargo mizhsky, since their early childhood. When he was 9, the young Stravinsky started his piano lessons followed by study harmony, music theory and composition. However, his rapture for developing a career in music was somewhat preclude by the parents who insisted on Stravinskys becoming a lawyer.In 1901 he entered the University of St. Petersburg to study law. A year later, Stravinsky took an opportunity to present his compositions to Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov, a leading Russian composer of those times, who lately became Stravinskys spireligious rite parent. Rimsky played an measurable role in musical development of Stravinsky, and till his death in 1908, he was influencing Stravinskys originative style. In 1907, inspired by the works of Rimsky, Stravinsky wrote First Symphony in E Flat major which was dominated by nationalistic motifs.Along with other compositions (such as Fireworks and The Faun and the Shepherdess), the Symphony attracted the attention of Sergei Diaghilev, a Russ ian ballet impresario who worked for the Ballets Russes in France. On his request, Stravinsky created his first ballets The Firebird (1910), Petroushka (1911) and The Rite of Spring (1913). The Russian extremity in the career evolution of Stravinsky can be characterized by a tendency to use ritual personages, motifs and harmonic formulas of Russian folklore, blended with a lot of dissonances and irregular rhythms.Those years were very important for the brass of musical aesthetics of Stravinsky, which can be defined by vivid imagination and various semantic elements, rhythmic freedom, abundance of variations and ostinati, etc. The next, neoclassic stop consonant started in the early 1920s, when Stravinsky moved to France. Together with his wife Ekaterina and their four children, Stravinsky settled d profess in Nice. He continued composing and traveling with the Ballets Russes, looking for freshly ideas and themes for his works. In this period, Stravinsky was under the influence of French impressionism of the eighteenth century.In his masterpieces, the composer used to refer to various rhetorical models he mastered the styles of the European baroque (Oedipus Rex, 1927), the techniques of old polyphony (the Symphony of Psalms, 1930), and so on. During the 1930s, Stravinskys achievement as a composer was boosted by his increasing popularity as a brilliant pianist and conductor of his own compositions. In 1934 he became a citizen of France, and a year later he had a series of outstanding performances in the United States crowned by a remarkable concert in the Metropolitan opera in New York, where Stravinsky conducted his newly created ballet The Card Party.The late 1930s were darkened for Stravinsky by the sledding of his wife, mother and elder daughter who died of tuberculosis one after another. In 1939 he moved to the U. S. unitedly with his mistress Vera de Bosset, a dancer at the Ballets Russes. Stravinskys compositions of the 1940s (including the Sy mphony in Three Movements (1945), the coal black Concerto (1946) and other works) can be characterized by a dandy stylistic diversity. However, his ballet Orpheus completed in 1947 marked the composers return to neoclassical traditions.The opera The Rakes Progress (1951), created in collaboration with W. H. Auden and C. Kallman, is considered to be the apex of Stravinskys neoclassical period. The libretto was base on a series of engravings of William Hogarth. Musical context of the opera is based on classic harmonies and a wide palette of tone colors, enriched with surprising rhythmic changes and dissonances. The premiere of the opera took place at the famous La Venice in Italy, and in 1997 this opera was restaged by the Metropolitan Opera.In the early 1950s, being under the influence of such artists as A.Schoenberg and R. Craft, Stravinsky embarked on using the techniques of Serialism in his compositions. During this final period of his career, the composer was experimenting wi th the twelve-tone methods (dodecaphony) developed by Schoenberg, as well as working on a great number of songs, cantatas and other small chamber works and pieces of vocal music. Many important compositions of this period are dominated by biblical motifs (Canticum Sacrum (1955), A Sermon, a Narrative, and a Prayer (1961), Abraham and Isaac (1963), etc. )During the last decade of his life, Stravinsky continued performing and conducting his pieces in the most prestigious concert halls of the U. S. and Europe. He visited the Soviet essence and developed friendly relationships with Soviet leader Nikita Krushchev. Stravinsky was a devoted Orthodox Christian and a great father for his children. The composer died in 1971 and was buried on the cemetery of San Michele, next to the grave of his close friend, Sergei Diaghilev. For his achievements and musical innovations, in 1987 Stravinsky was granted the Grammy Award for Lifetime Achievement (posthumously).Despite great stylistic contrasts, all the works of Stravinsky declare a certain distinctive identity rooted in his Russian origin and the tendency to use his trademark musical elements (such as ostinati, off-rhythms, etc. ) in the majority of his compositions. Stravinsky was a person of an inexhaustible enthusiasm and eagerness to explore new musical horizons and styles. He was a composer of a phenomenal talent and one(prenominal) creative originality, who revitalized the rhythms of European music and achieved entirely new sonorities and blends of orchestral colors (Columbia Encyclopedia, 2007, p. 46141)

Genetically modified organism Essay Example for Free

genetically special beingness EssayThe controversy over genetically modify (GM) aliment, also hold outn as genetically modified organisms (GMOs), is viewed in diverse manners worldwide. Some individuals believe that GM victuals is more beneficial to nightclub than non, while others bear strong beliefs that they may cause negative and harmful effects in the future. in that respect be several reasons that could lead a person to believe that GM feeds have a mannikin of advantages. However, there are various concomitantors that could lead a person to believe otherwise as well. In the article entitled, Counterpoint Genetically modify Foods Should be Carefully Regulated, Sally Driscoll and David Morley discuss their vistas regarding GM intellectual nourishment for thought.Genetically modified fares are produced and sold nationwide. However, the United States government does not require GM food to be labelled as such. Therefore, when Ameri female genitalss obtain f ood, they are predominantly unaware of what they are buying and consuming. Everyone has their own opinion regarding this matter and whether or not the United States De failment of Agriculture (USDA) should regulate and identify GM food from the rest. more argue that consumers should have the right to decide whether or not to purchase GM food as well.In order to do so, GM food would have to be regulated and labeled accordingly before placed on store shelves and sold to consumers (Driscoll Morley, 2011, p. 1). In the article entitled, Genetically Modified Foods An Overview, written by Alex Rich and Tom Warhol, 92 percent of Americans feel GM ingredients in food products should be labeled. However, members of the FDA argue that GM food is indeed very similar to non- GM food and bears no potential risk. In other words, they feel labels are an unnecessary part of GM marketing (Rich Warhol, 2011, p. 2). europium eventually made it illegal to sell GM food without labeling it.When label ing became mandatory, the sales of genetically modified food dropped drastically. Many Americans believe if this were to become mandated in the United States as well, many consumers (when afforded the opportunity to have a choice between the two) would chose food that does not contain GM ingredients. Since there is no way to nock between GM food and unaltered food, consumers that wish to steer clear of GM food purchase organic food (Driscoll Morley, 2011, p. 3). Research showed that several Americans do not have a side in the issue regarding GM foods.Studies showed the majority was actually unaware of, an unconcerned about GM cropping and marketing (Rich Warhol, 2011, p. 3). Critics of genetically modified food view this website differently. They believe the primary reason Americans are so fixed back with this issue is due to the fact that they are uninformed as to which products they purchase have been genetically modified (Rich Warhol, 2011, p. 4). In other words, how can Am ericans have an opinion on a topic they know nothing about and have never been educated on? Food is an essential and significant part of everyday life.For thousands of years, humans have been consuming the same types of food. However, genetics have become more advanced throughout the years, allowing scientists to alter plants and animals. Traditionally, animals are the subject of scientific research but it is now humans who are being treated as guinea pigs, every time they are subjected to GM meats and other products. In 2008, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) deemed it safe for humans to consume cloned animals, while the USDA recommended that GM foods stay off the market indefinitely. However, there is no scientific evidence to prove that GM food will bear any negative long-term effects (Driscoll Morley, 2011, p. 2).Environmentally, some farmers believe herbicide and insecticide-engineered plants are not as beneficial to the environment as they are made out to be. This m ethod discontinues widows weeds and/or insects temperamentally because it allows them to become immune to crops. However, because they build up a resistance to crops, additional pesticide crop-dusting is needed regardless (Driscoll Morley, 2011, p. 4). Cross pollination is an area of major concern as well. For crops being self-aggrandizing outdoors, cross pollination can occur from the wind or insects.Because cross pollination is an event in which farmers have little or no control over, those who attempt to grow organic food should reckon their techniques and produce their crops strictly indoors (Driscoll Morley, 2011, p. 3). This is the only true way to prevent these unwanted mishaps. In the probe entitled, A Cure for World Hunger or Frankenfood, Justin Petersen discusses the benefits and negative aspects of GM food. His argument solely depends upon the situation given at hand.If GM food can prevent malnourishment in some countries, wherefore not produce mass amounts of GM f ood? However, wherefore are Americans not demanding stricter regulations and research studies so they may decide for themselves whether or not they want to put these types of food into their bodies? These are some of the questions he attempts to answer and he also tries to inform his readers of both the negative and positive outlooks on GM food (Veit Gould, 2011, p. 519). For nearly twenty years, scientists have argued that GM crops can assist in the prevention and elimination of citizens sharp-set in countries where the majority of the population is in poverty.Because GM food can withstand pests, diseases, and droughts, costs can be reduced and larger yields of crops can be harvested. This is one way to alleviate the amount of malnourished populate residing in less fortunate countries. According to Petersen, in the year 2000, more than 800 million mess throughout the world were starving or malnourished, while five million children died each year as a direct result. Although it is not guaranteed to end world hunger completely and indefinitely, GM technology is continue to grow and advance (Veit Gould, 2011, p. 510).If utilized properly in underdeveloped countries for people in great need, GM food would terminate a significant amount of starving and suffering families throughout the world. The FDA does not leaven food for safety before it is placed on store shelves. Instead, they allow the companies themselves to test their own products. Many companies, however, voluntarily test their products before placing them on the market. There are allergens that are introduced into some genetically modified foods in certain companies but since they are not tested by the FDA, they cannot be placed on the labels.Therefore, buyers of the products are uninformed of the ingredients in their food, making those with allergies more susceptible to allergic reactions. As Petersen said, That just underscores why its so important that the government require companies to t est genetically engineered foods for new allergens (Veit Gould, 2011, p. 515). Several people must consume certain specific GM products in order for a company to be absolutely certain of which proteins will and will not result in an allergic reaction.A recommendation made for the FDA is to require companies to test every newly introduced protein to see if it resembles known food allergens (Veit Gould, 2011, p. 516). Whether or not society is for or against GM food, it will always be an issue of growing concern. As advances in technology progress and people become more open minded about the situation, laws will either be created to provide certain regulations or people will just have to accept the fact that GM food is not labeled.If it is that much of a concern to an individual, organic food is always an option. spell fortunate countries may be primarily concerned with government regulations, it would overall, as in Petersens essay, be a very beneficial idea for the less fortu nate countries since they literally have people starving to death. Petersens essay best depicted the overall views of both sides. Several factors made it possible to follow for oneself what is adequate.References Driscoll, S. , Morley, D. C. (2011). Counterpoint Genetically Modified Foods Should be Carefully Regulated, 1-4. Retrieved from EBSCOhost Database. Rich, A. K. , Warhol, T. (2011). Genetically Modified Foods An Overview, 1-4. Retrieved from EBSCOhost Database. Veit, R. , Gould, C. (2010). Argument Reading, Writing, and Research. Writing, Reading, Research. Boston, MA Wadsworth.

Providing visual support Essay Example for Free

Providing visual support EssayNancy is 24 year rare women and a ho role wife by profession. She is disabled by birth and totally dependant on wheelchair. She stays with her husband, who is software professional and busy most of the time. Being a housewife, Nancy has vey little technology intimacy and finds it difficult to use technology spontaneously. Nancy doesnt want her impediment to become her weakness and wants to work worry a normal housewife, like cooking for her husband, washing utensils etc. She wants a kitchen which is universally designed and where she should be able to work effectively like a normal person with ease of use and reading being her first priority. How should an interior designer design a universally designed kitchen keeping in mind people like Nancy? Making the height of the kitchen cabinet, Cook top, Microwave stand accessible by wheelchair. Having an adjustable-height cabinets, can help all users to use them effectively. Also customizable design w hich can be changed based on user preferences also makes design effective and more usable. Having a removable sink and drying rack leave alone give sufficient post for food preparation. This can again be re-fitted as and when required.Thus cock-a-hoop flexibility to people like Nancy or old aged people, who cant stand and cook. foldaway cabinet doors under cooktop, providing sufficient knee space. Providing visual support can also help users to use kitchen more easily and effectively. Voice based support in kitchen can also be a good idea, so making design accessible for people with low vision. Automated dishwasher or microwave system can help them easily placing dish without much effort. Lets retrieve some examples of universally designed kitchens Persona 3.He is a retired professional and stays alone in his 2 bedroom apartment which is on the 10th ditch. He finds it difficult to walk and climb steps and also have sight problem. Rodney has very little technology knowle dge and finds it difficult to remember things, imputable to his growing age. He depends on electronic wheelchair most of the time. He needs an elevator system in his apartment which can accommodate his wheelchair also, making his life easy at this age.How can we make a universally designed elevator? Increasing the width of the elevator hence giving ample space to use wheelchairs and thus making it approachable Big display screen, which displays the floor details big and clear, thus accommodating people like Rodney to use it with ease Voice based support system, which informs the user which floor the user is in, can also help the disabled user to use them effectively. Lets forgather example of a universally designed elevator ConclusionIrrespective of age, ability or disability and situations, every has the right to effectively use any products or services, hence designers should always be aware about this fact and implement their design ideas to serve one and everyone. This is w hat universal design means.Bibliography http//idea.ap.buffalo.edu/ http//www. design. ncsu. edu/cud/about_ud/udprincipleshypertext markup languageformat. htmltop Frascara J. , (1997), User-Centred Graphic Design Mass Communication and Social Change, Taylor Francis, London

My Great Passion for Therapy Essay Example for Free

My Great Passion for Therapy EssayThis paper entitled My Great Passion for Therapy has several(prenominal) objectives. First, it intends to discuss the topic in psychology that interests me near therapy. An some other objective of this paper is to explain the afore tell(prenominal) and state some of the types of therapy. Last just not least, it aims to sh ar my personal preference, as well as, why I would like that kind of therapy to apply in case I become a healer in the future.Therapy Defined Therapy is a standard terminology that explains the purpose of medical, psychiatric, psychological or modifynative designed to promote health and well-being (World Self-Medication Industry n. p.). For me though, it means that, it is a kind of professional help that maneuveres a wide range of dilemmas related to the mental state of an case-by-case.Types of Therapy There are several types of therapy and some of these are the following First of alone is known as psychoanalytic therap y which has been established by Sigmund Freud (Wagner n.p.). In this bad-tempered kind of therapy, the psychoanalytic therapist obliges himself to attend to what the customer/ diligent of says about his or her life (Wagner n.p.). It is as well as technically referred to as talk therapy because of that (Wagner n.p.). The psychoanalytic therapist analyses the narration provided to him or her and find important occurrences that whitethorn apply to the client/patients existing difficulties/hardships (Wagner n.p.).Further more, the psychoanalytic therapist pays attention to the occurrences during the client/patients childhood days, unconscious emotions, opinion/judgment, as well as, motivations because they extremely believe that the aforementioned contribute largely to an individuals mental illness, as well as, maladaptive behaviors (Wagner n.p.). Moreover, psychoanalytic therapy is said to be exceedingly expensive, time-consuming, as well as, ineffective, however, it is said that it has been very helpful as well since barely sharing personal thoughts, emotions, and problems, as well as, knowing that somebody is willing to listen already minimizes judge and tension on the part of the patient/client (Wagner n.p.). The second is known as cognitive therapy, a kind of therapy which actually looks into specific dilemmas or issues (Wagner n.p.). Here, the cognitive therapist focuses on the unreasonable/illogical/ blemish thoughts and insights (Wagner n.p.). This is because the cognitive therapist believes that the aforementioned brings about dysfunctions (Wagner n.p.). What cognitive therapist does is to help the patient/client alter his or her unreasonable/illogical/flawed thoughts and insights (Wagner n.p.).For instance, if a client/patient fears open spaces/crowded places/ open places, then the cognitive therapist will assist the client/patient to face that fear through and through actual experience (Wagner n.p.). The cognitive therapist may help the client/pa tient to imagine himself or herself to be in such a situation/location before eventually exposing the client/patient to experience the actual fear (Wagner n.p.). That is what the cognitive therapist will do until the aforementioned phobia is lessen or entirely eliminated (Wagner n.p.). In addition to the aforementioned, cognitive therapy is said to be extremely helpful specially when it comes to depression- and anxiety-related cases (Wagner n.p.). The third is technically referred to as group therapy (Wagner n.p.). This is categorized under psychotherapy wherein two or more clients work with one or more therapists or counselors (Wagner n.p.). Furthermore, this is usually carried out by support groups in order for the members of the group to discover and learn from other individuals experiences and recommendations (Wagner n.p.). Moreover, group therapy is advantageous because it provides steamy support to those who feel alone, isolated, or different (Wagner n.p.). Interestingly, g roup therapy has been claimed to be more cost effective than individual psychotherapy and is oftentimes more effective (Wagner n.p.). The fourth is known as Solution-focused truncated Therapy, which is utilized to address a wide range of dilemmas including the following 1) anxiety 2) depression 3) mental health-related problems 4) oppression experiences 5) pain 6) problems in sleeping 7) work-related dilemmas 8) relationship problems (including differences with children, with spouse, and with close friends) 9) stress 10) substance abuse (including drugs and alcohol) 11) etc (The Brief Therapy act n.p.). Here in the Solution-focused Brief Therapy, instead of solving problems, it builds solutions and so the modifications/transformations that may happen are unswerving, and thus, such changes are virtually likely to last (The Brief Therapy Practice n.p.). Fifth is play therapy, which typically addresses the developmental dilemmas of young individuals, i.e. children (Mayo base for me dical Education and Research n.p.). A play therapist is motivated to play, paint, and indulge themselves in other interesting activities in order for them to effortlessly communicate their emotions and feelings if they lack the cognitive development to articulate themselves with lyric (Mayo radical for Medical Education and Research n.p.). Last but not least is known as interpersonal therapy, which is the kind of therapy that pays attention to the patient/clients current relationships with other individuals (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research n.p.). Here, the interpersonal therapists main objective is to develop the patient/clients interpersonal skills for him or her to be able to properly relate to other individuals including his or her family, friends, and colleagues (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research n.p.). In addition to that, the interpersonal therapist plays a large routine in the patient/clients assessment on his or her interaction with oth er volume and develop strategies for dealing with relationship and communication problems (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research n.p.).Personal taste and Reasons for it I prefer the fourth one. If I become a therapist I am most likely to choose Solution-focused Brief Therapy because of the following reasons First of all, the more conventional/traditional types are all expensive (The Brief Therapy Practice n.p.). Solution-focused Brief Therapy, on the other hand, is not in fact, statistical training show that there are several economically-challenged individuals go for this type of counseling/therapy to address their personal dilemmas alone because they cannot afford the luxurious fees of the other types of therapy suggested to them (The Brief Therapy Practice n.p.). In fact, this kind of psychological therapy may withal be availed free of charge to those individuals who really do not have the capacity to pay but needed to solve a certain dilemma (The Brief Therapy Practice n.p.). In addition to the aforementioned, I prefer Solution-based or Solution-focused Brief Therapy because it is brief (The Brief Therapy Practice n.p.). I must admit that I tend to get impatient with regards to waiting for positive results and so I like this one because it is said that a dilemma is addressed in not more than five sessions of counseling/therapy (The Brief Therapy Practice n.p.).Works Cited Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Psychotherapy An Overview of the Types of Therapy. 2008. n.a. 23 February 2008.http//www.mayoclinic.com/health/psychotherapy/MH00009The Brief Therapy Practice. Solution Focused Brief Therapy. 2003.n.a. 23 February 2008.http//www.brieftherapy.org.uk/Wagner, K.V. Types of Therapy. 2008. The New York Times Company. 23 February 2008. http//psychology.about.com/od/psychotherapy/a/treattypes.htmWorld Self-Medication Industry. Therapy. 2004. n.a. 23 February 2008. http//www.wsmi.org/glossary_st.htm

Electrochemical cell lab Aim Essay Example for Free

Electrochemical cellular phone lab Aim EssayAim - To find out the feasibility of a redox reaction by looking at the cell authorization of the reaction .quantitative observationThe table below shows the values of cell potential that were recorded when the experiment was performedReaction cadre potential (0.01V)CuSO4 and ZnSO40.99VCuSO4 and AgNO30.64VAg1.39VQualitative ObservationReactionObsevrationsCuSO4 and ZnSO4Copper sulphate turns from clear to blue , whereas surface sulphate remains colorlessCuSO4 and AgNO3Copper sulphate is blue in color , silver process is colorlessAgData processingExperiment 1Zn(s) - Zn2+ (aq) + 2e- (aq)Cu2+ (aq) + 2e- (aq) - Cu (s)Cu2+ (aq) + Zn(s) - Cu(s) + Zn2+ (aq)Experiment 2Cu(s) - Cu2+ (aq)+ 2e- (aq)Ag+(aq) + e- (aq) - Ag(s)Cu(s) + 2Ag+ (aq) - Cu2+ (Aq) + 2Ag (s)Experiment 3Zn(s) - Zn2+ (aq) + 2e- (aq)Ag+ (aq) + e- (aq)- Ag(s)Zn(s) + 2Ag+ (aq) - Zn2+ (aq) + 2Ag (s)The table below shows the writings values for the respective cell potentialReaction Cell potential (0.01V)CuSO4 and ZnSO40.34VCuSO4 and AgNO30.46 V.Ag1.10 V geological fault percentage= (difference between the literature and experimental value)/(the literature value )x100= (0.34V 0.99V)/(0.34V) x100= 191.17%We can similarly find the error percentages for other cell potentials alsoThe table below shows the respective error percentages of each of the cell potentialReactionError percentageCuSO4 and ZnSO4191.17%CuSO4 and AgNO339.13%Ag16.36%TheoryElectrochemical cellsIn an electrochemical cell, electricity is produced through chemical reactions. on that point consist two electrodes the negative electrode and the positive electrode. At the negative electrode

Related Studies Essay Example for Free

Related Studies demonstrateAccording to Vargas S, she conducted a study entitled Effectiveness of Lemon and Orange Peel as plant louse Repellent. Lemon and Orange peel are good for our body and skin. Lemon peel contains Vitamin C and Citric acid which are good for our skin while an orangish peel also contains Vitamin C. Its said that mosquitoes and gnats are either repulsed by either scent. The essential oils that can be extracted from lemon and orange peel are the one that makes mosquitoes fly away. Effective insect repellents can protect you from serious mosquito diseases- westside Nile Virus, St. Louis Encephalitis, etc. and tick-borne diseases- Lyme diseases, Rocky Mountaion Spotted Fever, etc.

Christian Worldview Essay Example for Free

Christian Worldview EssayWorldviewPart IWhat is a worldview? A worldview, is a response of our heart or inner being our intellect, emotion or will. It is the total framework we bring to decision-making (Weider Gutierrez, 2011, p.51). An example is the Christian worldview. The way we as Christians behave should be in direct correlation with the teachings of Jesus as to how we should live our lives. People who hold to the Christian worldview should act as if everything they do matters. Many Christians these days do not act in a consistent small-armner to what their worldview is (Keener). Part IIThe question of Origin, Genesis 11 (ESV Bible) shows graven mental picture creating the heavens and the public in the beginning. matinee idol is the infinite, personal, sovereign and good being who created the universe (Lefebvre, 2011). Isaiah 4518 (ESV Bible) describes how paragon created the heavens and form the earth and create it and intended it to be inhabitated. The question o f Identity- Genesis 127(ESV Bible) God created man in His own image. Psalm 13914(ESV Bible) I am fearfully and wonderfully made. It is because we are made in Gods image that sets us apart from all told other aspects of creation.This identity with God bestows upon us large distinction. We have to understand as clearly as possible what it means to be created in the image and likeness of God (Naugle, 2010). The Question of Meaning/Purpose- We as Christians rely that our purpose is to do the will of God. fundament 1516(ESV Bible) we are appointed to go and bear fruit. In Matthew 2819(ESV Bible) we are commanded to go and launch disciples. Through-out the Bible, God has charged us with being the salt of the earth and light of the world, He has commanded us to go and compel them to come so that his house may be filled. As we can see our main purpose is to live a life that exemplifies Christ and leads others to Him.The Question of Morality- Romans 512-14(ESV Bible) sin entered the wo rld. Romans 323(ESV Bible) we all have sinned and fall short of the Glory of God. God is the ultimate standard of morality and because of the depravity of man we cannot live up to His standard, thus needing redemption through the blood of the Lamb, Jesus Christ. The Question of Destiny- it is clear passim the Bible about our final destination. John316-17, John 513-14 (ESV Bible) and many other verses in the Bible make it clear that if we do not put our faith and trust in God and accept the gift of salvation that we will not spend eternal life with Him but quite a burn in the lake of fire. God also makes it clear that the gift of salvation cannot be earned Eph. 28-9. Part IIIA biblical worldview should influence the way you think about, treat, and speak to others on a daily basis because we should treat people how we would want to be treated, Matthew 712 (ESV Bible). If we are to believe that God created us in His likeness and He commands us to go out and make disciples for Him wh ence we would have to also believe that we should think, treat and speak to others in a Christ like carriage on a daily basis. To not do so would make us as Christians take care hypocritical in the eyes of non-believers..treat/interact with the environment and non-human creation? In Genesis 126(ESV Bible) God commands us to have dominion over the earth and subdue it. This does not mean that we can plague the land and kill all the creatures on it. We are to be stewards of what God has given us and that includes the earth and the creatures on it.ReferencesKeener, D. (n.d.). What is a worldview?. Retrieved from http//www.dkeener.com/keenstuff/wv.htmlLefebvre, M. (2011, April 02). Worldviews-christian. Retrieved from http//warrantedbelief.wordpress.com/2011/04/02/worldviews-christianity/Naugle, D. (2010, February 14). Developing a biblical worldview. Retrieved from http//www.colsoncenter.org/the-center/columns/indepth/14423-developing-a-biblical-worldviewTackett, D. (n.d.). Whats a c hristian worldview?. Retrieved fromhttp//www.focusonthefamily.com/faith/christian_worldview/whats_a_christian_worldview.aspxWeider, L., Gutierrez, B. (2011). Consider. Virginia Beach pedantic Publishing Services, Inc.

My Room Essay Example for Free

My Room EssayMy live is my one and only domain where I carry out various leisure activities such as studying, watching films and television, listen to music, talk on the phone, surf the internet, etc. My style is painted all bug also, most of the things in my room are all pink. As someone enters my room, the first thing that he or she will see is a cream dresser with a stylish design surface on it. In it, lie all my clothes and in the flesh(predicate) belongings. wherefore on the other nerve of my room, a black plasma television resided on the wall which I enjoy watching my darling movies, and television shows. Opposite of that, is my full size shaft which has pink covers. Also right behind it is the room window, which has sparkly and pink curtains.Next to my bed I have a nightstand where my stereo is on slip by of it also on one of the drawers I have my favorite book. On the wall conterminous to my bed, I have a huge sign that says PRINCESS, and around it are picture s from my sweet fifteen. Across from my bed I have my studying and relaxing area where I have a pink desk with my laptop and printer. Right next to it I have a beanbag chair with reading books around it, and thats where I relax, read, and study. Then I have a walk-in closet where I have lots of shoes, clothes, school supplies, and personal belongings. My room is my absolute favorite room in the house, thats where I study and relax. I enjoy my room, and I enjoy doing pretty much anything as long as its in my room

Animal Testing Pros Essay Example for Free

animate organism Testing Pros EssayAnimal examen is basically make make purpose of of fleshlys in experiments carried come forbidden of the closet for the betterment of large-minded-hearted lives. These animal experiments argon carried knocked out(p) by universities, pharmaceutical companies and even by students and researchers at medical schools. These animals atomic number 18 either bred specifically for carrying out experiments or are caught from their wild habitat and locked up in cages. There are some pros that motivate scientists to carry out experiments on these animals. So, what are some of the grave things that support the torturing of these poor animals? Lets see some of these animal testing pros that makes prop singlents of animal experimentation argue for social occasion of animals in research. Animal testing helps in decision ways to help fork over lives of animals and military personnel by testing life rescue drugs and processes. A few animals tend to act the same way homogeneous humans in response to certain diseases and allergies. This helps the scientists fancy a re be in possession of for certain diseases by studying these animals. Open heart surgeries, coronary bypass surgery and heart transplantation are some of the procedures that came into existence by carrying out experimentation on dogs. Insulin for diabetes, lifesaving antibiotics, and so forth have been make by experimenting on animals. Contagious diseases like smallpox, measles, chickenpox, rubella, polio, rabies, mumps, etc. were brought into control due to vaccines made by carrying out experiments on animals.About 99% of the human genes are similar to that of the chimpanzees as well as a few other(a) monkeys. Thus, experimenting with these animals givesscientists an idea about their possible reaction in the human body. As it is humble to experiment on humans, chimpanzees and other monkeys remain the only option.Treatment for scarlet fever, tuberculosis, complex surgical procedures for humans were tested OK for humans done animal testing. Tests for vaccines for diseases like AIDS is being carried out on animals. The common animals used for these tests include rats, mice, rabbits, monkeys, dogs, goats, horses, etc. Chimpanzees share about 90% of their genetic make up with humans. These animals have similar reactions and somewhat similar inner organs to humans that help in determine the effects of drugs and procedures on humans. many transplantation operations were first carried out on animals, that helped determine and save lives for humans.Animals are non only tested for making lives of humans better, but for the betterment of animals themselves as well. commonwealth often overlook the fact, that may breakthroughs in veterinary medicine has occurred due to this experimemntation. Animal surgeries, animal antibiotics, etc. have all come into existence, due to testing. Thus, animal testing pros prove it is very vital in saving non only the lives of humans, but those of animals as well.Cell cultures are useful only when one needs to see the side effects at molecular level. In order to see other natural side effects such as rashes, acne, wheezing, cardiac problems, etc. one needs to use animals. Although, animal physiology is not similar to human physiology, the results acquired after animal testing, help gauge their effects on humans.Animal testing helps in figuring out the safety of drugs on humans, before scientists begin the human trail. You dont want people getting adverse reactions to these drugs and adding more woes to their misery. The animal trials help minimize the destinys of human last during clinical trials, saving pharmaceutical and medical organizations millions of dollars in compensation. Also, animals, like mice and rabbits, reproduce very quickly. This gives the researchers a chance to see the effects of the experiments on the progeny too. Now, let us see some of the arguments against anim altesting.Animal Testing ConsWhen we speak about animal testing cons, there are plenty of emotional and honourable issues staring in our faces. The first con is the issue of pain the animal must be freeing through. Although, it is claimed none of the animals were hurt in the test, but how can one be 100% positive(predicate)? not all handlers are alike and some effective jab the needles through their body, keep them in cramp up spaces, with little or no food sometimes. Animals cannot speak, so how can we determine whether or not and the level of pain the poor creature is going through?Animal testing statistics show galore(postnominal) creatures lose their lives during the course of experiments. Some lose their limbs, eyesight, hearing ability, etc. All in the name of saving human lives. Agreed, when people say millions of animals are killed worldwide for food. But, you cant compare that with the months of torture the animals go through while the experiments are on. Wouldnt you p refer being killed in one shot, rather than enduring poking needles, cuts and bad chemicals being injected into your system and being kept caged in a really small space for what seems like all eternity? You may wish to escape the dreaded place that smells of disinfectants, chemicals and may be sure close, but cannot.There are many animal rights group that claim killing animals is inhumane. Animal testing in cosmetic industry as well as a household products is not value the life of a poor animal. Experimenting using animals also proves to be a bit expensive. This is because the cost of housing, nutriment caring for the animals is quite high. Animals are in a great deal of stress as they are not living in their natural habitat and the controlled environment may take a bell shape on their minds. Also, some claim animal experiments can be misleading as an animals response to a drug cannot be absolutely similar to a humans.People are flat suggesting use of meander culture, statist ics and even computer models for carrying out the test. Animal rights also exist and abusingsomeone weaker than us is not right. The death of animals due to an experiment gone wrong is similar to murder of a human who was tested against his will. In human tests, at least humans are asked whether they would like to sign up legally for being tested. There are legal papers and documents that safeguard the rights of the human subject and compensate him for any kind of loss. Animals however, are never asked for their opinion and have never had their rights safeguarded. The obvious explanation being they do not have the understanding capabilities of humans. This does not give us the right to use another life for our benefits.To find a cure for cancer, the animal cells are forced to grow abnormally, so that experiments can be carried out to find a remedy. With stem cell research and genetics getting a push, animals are subjected to foster animal cruelty. Hybrid animals and cloning is carr ied out on the poor animals who are injected with genes of other animals within an conceptus of another species. The resultant being a cross, that is either malformed or dead before being born. Do we have the right to reduce the dignity of animals by forcing mutations on them?You can see twain the sides of animal testing facts tilt the scales of the balance equally. Animal testing helps saves lives of millions of humans, but in turn, thousands of these animals lose their lives. It is an throw fact, not all handlers and researchers handle the animals with care. Computers cannot predict an outcome, just the possibility and tissue culture cannot predict the physical implications of a drug like rashes, cardiac failure, etc.Similarly, testing cannot accurately prove the implications of drugs and procedures on humans. puff away babies from their mothers before they even get a chance to open their eyes, is not being human. manners animals only because you want to check the outcome of your drug on hapless babies is wrong. Till an experiment is a success, torturing hundreds of animals, be it a mice or monkey is rather totally unethical.It has been proven that over 92% of drugs that claim to pass the animal trials fail when tested on humans by the Humane golf-club of the United States. This debate on animal testing pros and cons will continue tillscientists do not find an alternative to this cruel process of animal experimentation. You can decide for yourself, whether you are for, against or just a mute spectator to animal testing. Every coin has cardinal sides, so does animal testing. It is now up to each one of us to decide, which side do we choose. Read more at Buzzle http//www.buzzle.com/articles/animal-testing-pros-and-cons.htmlThe nous of legalizing hemp refers to whether or not Americans should be allowed to legally grow, sell, buy or ingest cannabis. At present, the U.S. political sympathies claims the right to, and does, criminalize the growing, sel ling and possession of marijuana in all states. The U.S. Supreme Court affirm this federal right in two separate court cases In 2001, U.S. v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers Cooperative, which overturned calcium proposition 215 which, in 1996, legalized marijuana for medicinal purposes. In 2005, Gonzales v. Raich, which again upheld the right of the federal government to criminalize marijuana use in all states. (See page two of this article for specific Pros Cons of Legalizing marihuana.) What Is Marijuana?Marijuana is the dried blossom of hangmans halter sativa and cannabis indica plants, leafy annual plants with parts that are used for as herbs, animal food, medicine and as hemp for rope-making. The flowers contain psychoactive and physiologically active chemical compounds know as cannabinoids that are consumed for recreational, medicinal, and spiritual purposes, per Wikipedia. Why is Marijuana Banned in the U.S.?Before the 20th century, cannabis plants in the U.S. were relatively u nregulated, and marijuana was a common ingredient in medicines. Recreational use of marijuana was thought to have been introduced in the U.S. early in the 20th century by immigrants from Mexico. In the 1930s, marijuana was linked publicly in several research studies, and via a famed 1936 film named Reefer Madness, to crime, fierceness, and anti-social behavior. legion(predicate) believe that objections to marijuana first rose sharply as part of the U.S. temperence movement against alcohol.Others claim that marijuana was initially demonized partly due to fears of the Mexican immigrants associated with the drug. In the 21st century, marijuana isillegal in the U.S. ostensibly due to moral and public health reasons, and because of continuing concern over violence and crime associated with turnout and distribution of the drug. Latest DevelopmentsOn June 23, 2011, a federal bill to fully legalize marijuana was introduced in the House by Rep. Ron Paul (R-TX) and Rep. Barney Frank (D-MA .) The bill would remove marijuana from controlled substance classification. On February 25, 2009, lawyer General Eric Holderannounced that that federal agents will now target marijuana distributors only when they violate both federal and state laws. The impact of Holders statement is that if a state has legalized marijuana, then the Obama administration will not annul state law. To date, thirteen states have decriminalized marijuana for medical purposes only. In 2010, States Move to Loosen Marijuana LawsIn November 2010, Californians defeated a ballot proposition that Californians over age 21 would be able to possess up to one ounce of marijuana, and grow their own plants on a plot up to 5 feet by 5 feet large. Washington, New Hampshire and Massachusetts state legislatures are slated to consider marijuana legalization bills in 2010-2011. And more than 20 other states are considering bills to otherwise loosen criminalization of marijuana use and possession. hot seat Obama Avoids t he Marijuana QuestionWhen asked at a March 2009 online town hall about marijuana legalization, president Barack Obama avoided a serious answer, and laughingly demurred I dont know what this says about the online audience. But, no, I dont think that is a good strategy to grow our economyWrote an irritated college newspaper columnist at State University of New York at Geneseo Many people were disappointed by his reaction, as Obama did not offer any counter-arguments and completely ignored the potence medical and social benefits of ending the prohibition on marijuana.Yes, some who wish to see marijuana legalized use it for recreational purposes, but the other benefits cannot be ignored. Cannabis is known to ease pain disorders, including the side-effects cancer patients have throughout treatment. In addition to this, legalization would strike an enormous blow to organized crime, free up the overflowing prison system and reduce violence along theMexican-American border. Obama Supporte d Decriminalization in 2004However, in a 2004 appearance at Northwestern University, then Illinois politician Obama told a crowd, I think the warfare on drugs has been a failure, and I think we need to rethink and decriminalize our marijuana laws. (See page two of this article for specific Pros Cons of Legalizing Marijuana.) BackgroundThe following are milestones of federal marijuana enforcement in U.S. history Prohibition, 1919 to 1933 As use of marijuana became popular in response to alcohol prohibition, conservative anti-drug campaigners railed against the Marijuana Menace, linking the drug to crime, violence and other bad behaviors. 1930, Federal Bureau of soporifics established By 1931, 29 states had criminalized marijuana. Uniform State Narcotic coiffe of 1932 Pushed states, rather than federal authorities, to regulate narcotics. Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 Restricted marijuana to persons who give an excise tax for certain medical uses of the drug. 1944, New York Academy of Medicine Report finds that marijuana does not induce violence, insanity or sex crimes. Narcotics Control Act of 1956 Set mandatory prison sentences and fines for drug offenses, including for marijuana. 1960s Counter-Culture Movement U.S. marijuana use grew rapidly.Studies commissioned by Presidents Kennedy and Johnson concluded that marijuana use did not induce violence. 1970 in Congress Repealed mandatory penalties for drug offenses. Marijuana was differentiated from other drugs. Per PBS, It was widely admit that the mandatory minimum sentences of the 1950s had done nothing to eliminate the drug culture that embraced marijuana use throughout the 60s 1973, Drug Enforcement Agency Created by President Nixon. 1976, Conservative Christian Groups Led by Rev. Jerry Falwells clean Majority, rising conservative groups lobbied for stricter marijuana laws. The coalition grew powerful, leading to the 1980s War on Drugs.Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 Pushed for and signed by President Reagan, the Act raised penalties for marijuana offenses, and established harsh mandatory threesome strikes sentencing laws. 1989, New War on Drugs Declared by President George H.W. Bush 1996 in California Voters legalized marijuana use for cancer, AIDS, glaucoma and other patients, via a doctorsprescription. 1996 to 2008 12 other states legalized medicinal marijuana use, albeit with widely varying restrictions. some states cant implement their programs, though, as the Bush DEA executed a series ofsurprise raids on marijuana clinics, nab both sellers and patients. The White House claimed that federal law held precedence over state legislatures. MAIN reference point Condensed from materials produced by PBS and WGBH/Frontline.